Shenanigans
We English
speakers have lots of ways to suggest someone is up to no good. This week we’ll
cover a few of them.
A nefarious (or
in some cases fun-loving) individual might engage in shenanigans. This word
showed up in 1855 in California. Though my ear tells me shenanigans is likely a
slur against the Irish (like so many other words), most etymologists disagree. Though
nobody’s really certain, shenanigans appears to have come
from a Spanish word, charranada, which means trick or deceit. A small dissenting
group of etymologists suggest shenanigans may have come from a
German word, schenigelei, a word referring to the peddler’s craft. And an even smaller group of much-maligned
etymologists suggest the word may have come from the Irish word for fox, sionnach. Hmm.
Another word
referring to a rogue’s deeds or actions is
knavery,
a noun that appeared in the 1580s based on the much older word knave.
Knave’s
root, from Old English, is the noun cnafa, originally meaning a boy or male servant. By 1200, though, knave/cnafa
picked up the negative connotation, rogue
or rascal. The word knavery was born of that
connotation.
An 1841 word
that originally meant trickery is hanky-panky.
Though it’s not quite nailed down, it’s likely hanky-panky evolved from hoky-poky,
which evolved from hocus-pocus. And a century after hanky-panky was first put
to paper, about 1939, hanky-panky picked up the meaning sexual dalliance.
Knavery,
shenanigans &
hanky-panky can also be referred to with the somewhat less loaded word,
antics,
which came to English in 1520 & meant grotesque
or comical gesture. Its root is the word antico, which originally
referred to ancient, unearthed Roman murals, seen to be strange & bizarre,
thus labeled antico, a word which has since morphed to mean antique.
The 1809
verb skylark
means to frolic or play. The word skylarking was originally used to refer to the antics of exuberant sailors playing in the rigging.
And the
idiom monkey business was born in 1883 to refer to questionable shenanigans. Monkey
business may reflect the word monkey’s history, as monkey
came through Old French from the Arabic word maimun, which meant both monkey & auspicious; the sighting of an ape was perceived to be unlucky –
almost as unlucky as being the victim of monkey business.
So, good
readers, what do you have to say about these etymological shenanigans?
Big thanks
to this week’s sources: Etymonline, Wordnik,
Collins
Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, & the OED.
Nice elucidation of a "family" of fun-related words. Howmsoever, missing is the rendering of "moofky-poofky," added to the non-curricular segment of my higher education during its dalliance in Georgia. You might define it as hanky-panky with feeling. Probably a regional thing.
ReplyDeleteHey Steve - though I find a few examples of moofky-poofky in usage, I don't find any of my trusted etymological sources recognizing it. This assures me that you, yes you, have very likely engaged in some serious moofky-poofky.
ReplyDeleteHighly entertaining moofky-poofky here. (No, I've never heard that term before.) But I sure thought shenanigans had to have their roots in Eire. But no--it's probably those fun-loving Spaniards or those goofy Germans. Haha!
ReplyDeleteI love it that hanky-panky comes from hocus pocus. Which makes perfect sense. And when we were doing the hokey-pokey back in 3rd grade, we were probably acting out some long ago witchy pagan ritual.
Anne,
DeleteI had the same thought about third-graders all over the nation engaged in hokey-pokey hocus-pocus shenanigans. Thanks for coming by again to witness my word-oriented moofky-poofky.