tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-53785302201749287462024-03-13T09:03:45.656-07:00csperryessA writer explores the wonder, magic and weirdness of wordsCS Perryesshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01011651595792156574noreply@blogger.comBlogger407125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5378530220174928746.post-45061862931928733122019-08-01T09:30:00.000-07:002019-08-01T09:30:52.908-07:00Greed<div style="background-color: white; color: #f38337; font-family: Arial; font-size: 21.7px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>Greed</b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><i></i></span><br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">There are heaps of lovely English words that somehow relate to <b><i>greed</i></b>. Here’s a sampling.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i>Covet</i></b> came to English in the 1200s through Old French from Latin, meaning <i>to desire inordinately without regard for the rights of others.</i></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i>Crave</i></b> most likely originated in Germanic languages, & appeared in English during Old English times. It originally meant <i>to ask, implore, or demand by right</i>, but by 1400 it mostly meant <i>to eagerly desire.</i></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i>Grasp </i></b>showed up in English in the 1400s, & meant<i> to reach, grope, or feel around</i>. It came through Old English & Proto-Germanic from Proto-Indo European.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i>Greed </i></b>came to English from an old Germanic word that meant <b><i>greedy</i></b>.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i>Guzzle</i></b> appeared in English in the 1570s, meaning <i>to swallow liquid greedily. </i>It appears to have come from a French word meaning <i>jaws, throat or gullet.</i></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i>Peculate</i></b> came to English in 1749 from a Latin word meaning <i>to embezzle. </i>It is related to<b><i> peculiar</i></b><i> </i>& <b><i>pecuniary</i></b><i>.</i></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i>Pillage</i></b> showed up in English in the late 1300s through Old French from Latin. The original Latin term meant <i>to skin or strip of hair.</i></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i>Purloin</i></b> came through Anglo-French from Latin in the 1400s & originally meant <i>to misappropriate.</i> It took a century for the less euphemistic meaning<i> to steal </i>to gain favor.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i>Snaffle</i></b> likely came from Dutch, arriving in English in the 1530s. A <b><i>snaffle</i></b> was originally <i>a bit </i>(the sort one puts in a horse’s mouth), but now <b><i>snaffle </i></b>also means <i>to steal</i>. It appears this transformation may be related to the saying “to take the bit in one’s mouth.”</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i>Steal </i></b>originally meant <i>to clandestinely commit theft. </i><b><i>Steal</i></b> came through Germanic languages from Proto-Indo-European. </span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i>Swindle</i></b> came to English through German in 1774, originally meaning <i>a giddy person or cheat.</i></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">I don’t think of <b><i>greed</i></b> as a good thing at all, but I’m quite fond of some of these words. Which ones appeal most to you?</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<br />
<div style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="color: #141414; font-kerning: none;">Big thanks to this week’s sources: <a href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/grasp"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: blue;">Merriam Webster</span></a>, <a href="https://www.wordnik.com/words/purloin"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: blue;">Wordnik</span></a>, <a href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/snaffle"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: blue;">Collins Dictionary,</span></a> <a href="https://www.indiebound.org/search/book?keys=greed+a+dictionary+for+the+selfish"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: blue;">Greed, A Dictionary for the Selfish</span></a>, </span><span style="color: black; font-kerning: none;">& <a href="https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=swindle"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: blue;">Etymonline</span></a> </span></div>
CS Perryesshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01011651595792156574noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5378530220174928746.post-5465898107619704712019-07-25T15:14:00.000-07:002019-07-25T15:15:18.175-07:00Author<div style="background-color: white; color: #f38337; font-family: Arial; font-size: 21.7px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>Author</b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><i></i></span><br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">I just read the fabulous debut novel<i> </i><b><i>Cursed, </i></b>by <b><i>author</i></b> Karol Ruth Silverstein (2019 - Charlesbridge). What better inspiration to look into the word <b><i>author</i></b>?</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i>Author </i></b>appeared in English in the 1300s, meaning <i>one who makes or creates.</i> It came from an Old French word meaning <i>originator, creator, instigator</i>, which came from a Latin word with a heap of shaded meanings: <i>progenitor, founder, authority, performer, responsible person, teacher.</i> The literal meaning of <b><i>author</i></b>’s Latin root (<b><i>aug-</i></b>) meant <i>to cause to grow.</i></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><i></i></span><br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlYm_-0HaZdA99WC0BGH48UfZcxYqefvjvGF7BMTm2cpb44VMCqew18BkWDOFKDQEcpuPmTP7N4SDKPU8qK0TiZsZU2gOxIzxJz7FPvPYIH_UGqIrk3lhkZRCnBnixOeSfOExV3jim70E/s1600/Cursed.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="544" data-original-width="370" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlYm_-0HaZdA99WC0BGH48UfZcxYqefvjvGF7BMTm2cpb44VMCqew18BkWDOFKDQEcpuPmTP7N4SDKPU8qK0TiZsZU2gOxIzxJz7FPvPYIH_UGqIrk3lhkZRCnBnixOeSfOExV3jim70E/s200/Cursed.png" width="136" /></a><span style="font-kerning: none;">Silverstein’s novel manages to do all that. Her protagonist is Erica Bloom, known mostly as Ricky, a snarky ninth grader who not only has to change schools due to her parent’s divorce, but has recently been diagnosed with juvenile arthritis. The frustration, pain, humiliation, & uncertainty of it all only increase her snarkiness, as illustrated by the novel’s subtitle: “Warning — chronic pain may cause irritability, sarcasm, & bouts of profanity.” </span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifpRs8szog1wYgQTN0BWxi5tJDpO2BlLNfSq3BC1U2L0Tdou2tqt76A1xOzoM3Sg7CQRFoSPLDLx_gAWC3fvXG5CucwydVTnuESU6mW_yTaWtlnD0-LeAeseyXugwteer2uMQq1cJm8ug/s1600/Karol.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="968" data-original-width="1456" height="133" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifpRs8szog1wYgQTN0BWxi5tJDpO2BlLNfSq3BC1U2L0Tdou2tqt76A1xOzoM3Sg7CQRFoSPLDLx_gAWC3fvXG5CucwydVTnuESU6mW_yTaWtlnD0-LeAeseyXugwteer2uMQq1cJm8ug/s200/Karol.png" width="200" /></a><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i>Cursed</i></b> is a valuable addition to the #OwnVoices movement, & gives the reader a glimpse into life with chronic pain, from an<i> authority</i> on the subject — a <i>responsible person</i> whose work not only introduces us to a compelling character, but <i>teaches</i> us, helps us<i> grow,</i> & entertains us along the way.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">And since I can hardly help myself when it comes to etymologies, I’m forced to mention that <b><i>aug-</i></b>, the base Latin word for <b><i>author,</i></b> gave us some other lovely words: <b><i>authority, authorize, augur, augment, auxiliary, inaugurate, inaugural, waist, wax, eke, & nickname</i></b> (honestly, folks).</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">If you’re in the mood to enjoy a compelling young adult read, check out <b><i>Cursed</i></b>. And though our pals at Blogspot still aren’t letting me reply on my own blog, if you’re in the mood to comment, please do.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<br />
<div style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="color: #141414; font-kerning: none;">Big thanks to this week’s sources: <a href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/author"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: blue;">Merriam Webster</span></a>, <a href="https://www.wordnik.com/words/authority"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: blue;">Wordnik</span></a>, <a href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/augur"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: blue;">Collins Dictionary,</span></a> </span><span style="color: black; font-kerning: none;">& <a href="https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=author"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: blue;">Etymonline</span></a>.</span></div>
CS Perryesshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01011651595792156574noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5378530220174928746.post-79664069490855424852019-07-17T21:25:00.002-07:002019-07-17T21:25:51.186-07:00Bamboozlement<div style="background-color: white; color: #f38337; font-family: Arial; font-size: 21.7px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>Bamboozlement</b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><i></i></span><br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Most all our word meaning <i>confused </i>come from verbs, but not all those verbs mean<i> to confuse.</i></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><i></i></span><br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">The words <b><i>confound </i></b>&<b><i> confuse </i></b>both come from Latin — <i>to pour together.</i></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i>confound</i></b> made its way to English in the 1300s, meaning <i>to condemn, curse, disconcert or perplex. </i><b><i>Confused </i></b>appeared in English in Middle English, but it wasn’t until the 1500s that we dropped the final <b><i>-d</i></b> to create the verb <b><i>confuse</i></b>.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><i></i></span><br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i>Addled , addle-pated,</i></b> & <b>addle-headed</b><i> </i>made their way into English in the 1600s from an Old English verb which meant<i> become putrid. </i>The word was often applied to bad eggs, which are sometimes stinky <i>(putrid) </i>& sometimes <i>empty, </i>& it’s the<i> empty </i>meaning that moved<i> </i><b><i>addled</i></b><i> </i>toward its modern meaning of <i>idle, confused, muddled or unsound</i>.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i>Bewildered </i></b>came from the verb<b><i> bewilder</i></b>, which came from Old English and appeared in the 1600s. Its literal meaning was <i>to be led into the wilderness</i>, though the figurative meaning <i>confounded or confused </i>almost immediately eclipsed the literal meaning.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">We didn’t have the words <b><i>flummox </i></b>& <b><i>flummoxed</i></b> until 1837, & nobody’s sure where they came from.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">In the 1720s the word <b><i>muzzy</i></b> appeared, mostly likely a form of the word <b><i>mossy</i></b>.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">The year 1759 brought us the word <b><i>muddle-headed</i></b>, from an old Germanic verb that meant <i>to destroy the clarity of.</i> That same root also gave us <b><i>mud</i></b>.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i>Baffle </i></b>appears to have come from a French verb which meant <i>to abuse or hoodwink</i>. This word traveled through Scottish, where it meant <i>to disgrace</i>. By the 1540s, English speakers appear to have associated confusion with disgrace, and the words <b><i>baffle, baffled, & bafflement</i></b> were born.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">An Old French word & an Old English word were slapped together in 1735 to come up with the verb <b><i>bemuse</i></b><i>, to stupefy</i>, & so we have<i> </i><b><i>bemused.</i></b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><i></i></span><br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">In the early 1800s, some Americans amused themselves by making fun of Latin by creating ridiculous, Latin-sounding words. <b><i>Discombobulate </i></b><i>& </i><b><i>confusticate</i></b><i> </i>came about because of this practice.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b></b></span><br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">And in 1703 <b><i>bamboozle</i></b> showed up in English, most likely from a Scottish verb meaning<i> to confound or perplex.</i></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i>Bamboozled</i></b> or inspired by any of this? Please say so in the comments (which I still can’t reply to — which not only<b><i> bamboozles</i></b> me, but <b><i>confusticates</i></b> me.)</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<br />
<div style="background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Big thanks to ANNE LORENZEN for inspiring this post, & to this week’s sources: <a href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/befuddle"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: blue; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Merriam Webster</span></a>, <a href="https://www.wordnik.com/words/bamboozle"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: blue; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Wordnik</span></a>, <a href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/baffle"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: blue; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Collins Dictionary,</span></a> </span><span style="color: black; font-kerning: none;">& <a href="https://www.etymonline.com/word/confused?ref=etymonline_crossreference"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: blue;">Etymonline</span></a>.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: black; font-kerning: none;"><br /></span></div>
CS Perryesshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01011651595792156574noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5378530220174928746.post-81942180443259760692019-07-10T21:03:00.002-07:002019-07-11T18:46:54.540-07:00Sweet<div style="background-color: white; color: #f38337; font-family: Arial; font-size: 21.7px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>Sweet</b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-kerning: none;">The word<i> </i><b><i>sweet</i></b> has been with us since we were speaking Old English. It came through Germanic languages from Proto-Indo-European. Though for a time it meant <i>to advise,</i> for years it has mostly meant <i>pleasant to the senses.</i></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Idioms involving the word <b><i>sweet</i></b> are rife:</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">1290 — <b><i>sweetheart</i></b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">1300s —<b><i> life is sweet</i></b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">1590s — <b><i>a rose by any other name would smell as sweet</i></b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">1700s — s<b><i>weet dreams</i></b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">1723 —<b><i> sweet and sour foods</i></b> </span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">1767 — <b><i>sweet sixteen</i></b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">1823 — <b><i>home sweet home</i></b> </span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">1900 — <b><i>sweet nothings</i></b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">1914 — <b><i>toot sweet</i></b> (from the French <b><i>tout de suite</i></b>) </span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">1935 —<b><i> sweet talk </i></b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">1957 — <b><i>sweet smell of success </i></b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">1976 — <b><i>sweet spot</i></b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">1971 — <b><i>sweet as tupelo honey</i></b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">And here are some I can’t find origin dates for:</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i>short & sweet</i></b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i>sweet young thing</i></b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i>sweet as pie</i></b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i>in one’s own sweet time</i></b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>sweetie-pie</b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Nothing like a little sweetness. </span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<br />
<div style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="color: #141414; font-kerning: none;">Big thanks to this week’s sources: <a href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sweet"><span style="color: blue; font-size: 9px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Merriam Webster</span></a>,<a href="https://wordhistories.net/2017/05/17/origin-of-toot-sweet/"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: blue;">Word Histories</span></a>, <a href="https://www.phrases.org.uk/bulletin_board/29/messages/422.html"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: blue;">Phrases.org</span></a>, <a href="http://Deep%20&%20hollow%20%20The%20word%20deep%20comes%20from%20an%20old%20word%20meaning%20deep%20&%20hollow.%20Though%20the%20people%20who%20used%20this%20ancient%20root%20never%20wrote%20it%20down,%20etymologists%20write%20it%20*dheub-.%20Like%20our%20modern%20word,%20deep,%20the%20original%20root%20also%20carried%20the%20figurative%20meanings%20profound,%20inspiring,%20solemn,%20mysterious,%20awful.%20%20Of%20course,%20*dheub-%20was%20far%20too%20deep%20a%20word%20to%20give%20us%20only%20the%20word%20deep.%20%20About%20the%20year%201200,%20it%20gave%20us%20dive,%20to%20descend%20or%20plunge%20headfirst%20into%20water.%20Because%20we%E2%80%99re%20approaching%20International%20Dive%20Bar%20Day%20(July%207),%20I%E2%80%99m%20compelled%20to%20note%20that%20the%20idiom%20dive%20bar%20was%20born%20in%20the%201800s.%20It%20appears%20to%20have%20come%20from%20the%20fact%20that%20many%20low-end%20drinking%20establishments%20could%20only%20be%20accessed%20by%20walking%20downstairs%20from%20street%20level,%20thus%20diving%20into%20the%20bar.%20%20Quarrelsome%20as%20they%20are,%20etymologists%20are%20still%20duking%20it%20out%20over%20the%20etymology%20of%20typhus%20&%20typhoon.%20They%20may%20have%20come%20from%20Arabic,%20Mandarin,%20Cantonese,%20or%20Greek.%20They%20may%20have%20come%20from%20*dheu-,%20a%20form%20of%20*dheub%20that%20meant%20smoke.%20Or%20they%20may%20have%20come%20directly%20from%20*dheub-.%20I%20suppose%20both%20typhoon%20&%20typhus%20can%20be%20seen%20to%20embrace%20the%20concept%20of%20depth.%20%20Python%20also%20inspires%20fistfights%20among%20the%20more%20pugnacious%20etymologists.%20One%20camp%20hangs%20its%20hat%20on%20the%20story%20of%20Apollo%20slaying%20the%20serpent%20near%20Delphi,%20which%20was%20originally%20called%20Pythein,%20a%20word%20meaning%20to%20rot.%20The%20alternative%20camp%20finds%20our%20ancient%20root%20*dheub-%20responsible%20for%20python,%20as%20monsters%20such%20as%20serpents%20were%20often%20believed%20to%20inhabit%20the%20depths.%20%20Interestingly,%20the%20surname%20Donald%20also%20comes%20from%20this%20root.%20Donald%20showed%20up%20in%20English%20in%20the%201200s%20from%20Scottish%20(though%20the%20name%20in%20Scottish%20was%20either%20Dofnald%20or%20Dufenald).%20It%20entered%20Scottish%20from%20Proto-Celtic,%20where%20it%20was%20something%20more%20like%20Dubno-valos,%20&%20meant%20ruler%20of%20the%20world,%20valos%20meaning%20to%20be%20strong%20&%20dubno%20(from%20the%20root%20*dheub-)%20meaning%20world.%20And%20how%20did%20a%20word%20meaning%20deep%20&%20hollow%20end%20up%20meaning%20world?%20All%20that%20depth%20oozed%20into%20meaning%20bottom%20or%20foundation,%20&%20the%20earth%20or%20world%20appeared%20to%20be%20the%20foundation%20of%20things.%20%20%20So%20this%20one%20root%20has%20something%20to%20do%20with%20hollow,%20deep,%20storm,%20plunging%20headfirst,%20disease,%20foundation,%20world,%20even%20monster%20habitat.%20Yikes.%20Some%20etymologies%20offer%20those%20combative%20etymologists%20more%20grist%20than%20others,%20eh?%20%20%20%20Big%20thanks%20to%20this%20week%E2%80%99s%20sources:%20%20Merriam%20Webster,%20Phrases.org,%20%20Lexico,%20Collins%20Dictionary,%20Wordnik,%20&%20Etymonline.%20%20%20#amrevising%20%23amreading%20%23amwriting%20%23amediting%20%23scbwi%20%23words%20%23dictionary%20Join%20me%20at%20Wordmonger%20to%20explore%20the%20common%20root%20of%20the%20words%20python,%20typhoon,%20dive,%20&%20Donald.%20https://bit.ly/30adNYd%20%20%23librarylife%20%23librarians%20%23library%20%23educhat%20%23engchat%20%23teachers%20%23englishteachers%20Join%20me%20at%20Wordmonger%20to%20explore%20the%20common%20root%20of%20the%20words%20python,%20typhoon,%20dive,%20&%20Donald.%20https://bit.ly/30adNYd%20%20%20Hello%20Blogpals,%20%20Join%20me%20this%20week%20at%20Wordmonger%20for%20a%20look%20at%20words%20that%20all%20came%20from%20a%20word%20meaning%20deep.%20%20Thanks,%20Charlie/Chester"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: blue;">Stack Exchange</span></a>. <a href="https://newrepublic.com/article/118710/history-terms-endearment-sweetheart-sugar"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: blue;">New Republic</span></a></span><span style="color: black; font-kerning: none;">,</span><span style="color: #141414; font-kerning: none;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-kerning: none;">& <a href="https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=sweet"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: blue;">Etymonline</span></a>.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: black; font-kerning: none;"><br /></span></div>
CS Perryesshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01011651595792156574noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5378530220174928746.post-48364264817405955322019-07-04T09:08:00.000-07:002019-07-04T09:08:13.051-07:00Deep & hollow<div style="background-color: white; color: #f38337; font-family: Arial; font-size: 21.7px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>Deep & hollow</b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">The word <b><i>deep</i></b> comes from an old word meaning <i>deep & hollow</i>. Though the people who used this ancient root never wrote it down, etymologists write it <b><i>*dheub-. </i></b>Like our modern word,<b><i> deep</i></b>, the original root also carried the figurative meanings <i>profound, inspiring, solemn, mysterious, awful.</i></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><i></i></span><br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Of course, <b><i>*dheub-</i></b> was far too <b><i>deep</i></b> a word to give us only the word <b><i>deep</i></b>.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">About the year 1200, it gave us <b><i>dive</i></b>, <i>to descend or plunge headfirst into water.</i> Because we’re approaching<b><i> International Dive Bar Day</i></b> (July 7), I’m compelled to note that the idiom <b><i>dive bar</i></b> was born in the 1800s. It appears to have come from the fact that many low-end drinking establishments could only be accessed by walking downstairs from street level, thus <b><i>diving</i></b> into the bar.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Quarrelsome as they are, etymologists are still duking it out over the etymology of <b><i>typhus </i></b>& <b><i>typhoon</i></b>. They may have come from Arabic, Mandarin, Cantonese, or Greek. They may have come from <b><i>*dheu-</i></b>, a form of <b><i>*dheub </i></b>that meant smoke. Or they may have come directly from <b><i>*dheub-</i></b>. I suppose both <b><i>typhoon </i></b>& <b><i>typhus</i></b> can be seen to embrace the concept of <b><i>depth</i></b>.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i>Python</i></b><i> </i>also inspires fistfights among the more pugnacious etymologists. One camp hangs its hat on the story of Apollo slaying the serpent near Delphi, which was originally called <b><i>Pythein</i></b>, a word meaning<i> to rot.</i> The alternative camp finds our ancient root <b>*<i>dheub- </i></b>responsible for<b><i> python,</i></b> as monsters such as serpents were often believed to inhabit<i> the depths.</i></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><i></i></span><br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Interestingly, the surname<i> </i><b><i>Donald </i></b>also comes from this root. <b><i>Donald</i></b> showed up in English in the 1200s from Scottish (though the name in Scottish was either <b><i>Dofnald </i></b>or <b><i>Dufenald</i></b>). It entered Scottish from Proto-Celtic, where it was something more like <b><i>Dubno-valos</i></b>, & meant <i>ruler of the world</i>, <b><i>valos</i></b> meaning <i>to be strong</i> & <b><i>dubno</i></b> (from the root <b><i>*dheub-</i></b>)<b><i> </i></b>meaning <i>world. </i>And how did a word meaning<i> deep & hollow </i>end up meaning <i>world? </i>All that <b><i>depth</i></b> oozed into meaning<i> bottom or foundation, </i>& the<i> earth </i>or<i> world </i>appeared to be the foundation of things. </span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">So this one root has something to do with <i>hollow, deep, storm, plunging headfirst, disease, foundation, world, </i>even <i>monster habitat. </i>Yikes.<i> </i>Some etymologies offer those combative etymologists more grist than others, eh?</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<br />
<div style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="color: #141414; font-kerning: none;">Big thanks to this week’s sources: <a href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/python"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: blue; font-size: 9px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Merriam Webster</span></a>, <a href="https://www.phrases.org.uk/bulletin_board/29/messages/422.html"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: blue;">Phrases.org</span></a>, <a href="https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/deep"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: blue;">Lexico</span></a>, <a href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/dive"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: blue;">Collins Dictionary</span></a></span><span style="color: black; font-kerning: none;">, <a href="https://www.wordnik.com/words/typhoon"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: blue;">Wordnik</span></a>,</span><span style="color: #141414; font-kerning: none;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-kerning: none;">& <a href="https://www.etymonline.com/word/deep#etymonline_v_893"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: blue;">Etymonline</span></a>.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: black; font-kerning: none;"><br /></span></div>
CS Perryesshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01011651595792156574noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5378530220174928746.post-7402608799284083062019-06-26T20:59:00.000-07:002019-06-26T20:59:03.050-07:00Toadies<div style="background-color: white; color: #f38337; font-family: Arial; font-size: 21.7px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>Toadies</b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">It seems I can’t read the news these days without being flummoxed by how many <b><i>toadies</i></b> there are out in the world. So here’s a post on <b><i>toady</i></b> & its synonyms.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">In the 1600s, the assistants of performing charlatans were sometimes forced to eat a “poisonous” toad so the charlatan could amaze the crowd by expelling the “poison”. Not surprisingly, these assistants were known as <b><i>toad-eaters. </i></b>In time, the term got shortened to <b><i>toady</i></b> & the meaning morphed to <i>a</i> <i>servile parasite or fawning flatterer.</i></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><i></i></span><br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Our modern meaning of <b><i>flunky</i> </b>came about in 1855 (<i>flatterer or toady</i>). <b><i>Flunky</i></b> came from a Scottish word meaning <i>footman or servant</i>. It’s believed the pejorative shift was influenced by the requirement that footmen run through the mud & mire alongside a noble’s carriage.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><i></i></span><br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">In 1846 the term <b><i>bootlicker</i> </b>(or<b> <i>boot-licker</i></b>) was born. It came from the 1600s term <b><i>footlicker,</i></b> & means <i>a servile follower.</i></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><i></i></span><br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">An <b><i>adulator</i> </b>is <i>one who engages in excessive or slavish admiration. </i>This word comes through Old French from Latin, & initially meant <i>to fawn, as a dog after its owner</i>. The etymological jury is still out, but it is likely <b><i>adulator </i></b>came from words meaning <i>to wag the tail.</i></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><i></i></span><br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">An Old Norse word meaning<i> prone</i> gave us the word <b><i>grovel</i></b>, which gave us the word <b><i>groveler </i></b>some time in the 1500s. The meanings of <b><i>groveler</i></b> include <i>one who creeps with the face on the ground,</i> & <i>one who abases him/herself.</i> </span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i>Flatterer</i></b> came form the word <b><i>flatter </i></b>which appeared in the 1200s, meaning, <i>to praise insincerely.</i> It came from Proto-Germanic through Old French, & initially meant <i>one who throws or flings him/herself to the ground. </i></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Though we might expect the word<b><i> sycophant </i></b>to be the more academic & classy of these words, its roots are crude & sexist. <b><i>Sycophant</i></b> came through Latin and Middle French from a Greek word that translates literally to <i>one who shows the fig</i>. This refers to a crass, misogynist gesture ancient Greek men used to taunt one another. From the <b><i>Things Never Change Department, </i></b>Etymonline.org notes that, “…politicians in ancient Greece held aloof from such inflammatory gestures, but privately urged their followers to taunt their opponents.” Initially, <b><i>sycophant</i></b> meant <i>informer or slanderer, </i>but by the 1570s, the meaning shifted to<i> mean, servile flatterer.</i></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i>Toadies</i></b> abound! </span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">By August I will resolve my inability to reply to comments on my own blog. Still, if you’ve got something to say about all this, please leave a comment.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i></i></b></span><br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<br />
<div style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="color: #141414; font-kerning: none;">Big thanks to this week’s sources: <a href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/adulator"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: blue; font-size: 9px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Merriam Webster</span></a>, <a href="https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/adulator"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: blue;">Lexico</span></a>, <a href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/grovel"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: blue;">Collins Dictionary</span></a></span><span style="color: black; font-kerning: none;">, <a href="https://www.wordnik.com/words/bootlicker"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: blue;">Wordnik</span></a>,</span><span style="color: #141414; font-kerning: none;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-kerning: none;">& <a href="https://www.etymonline.com/word/garrison?ref=etymonline_crossreference"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: blue;"><b>Etymonline</b></span></a>.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: black; font-kerning: none;"><br /></span></div>
CS Perryesshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01011651595792156574noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5378530220174928746.post-44840603192470198402019-06-19T20:58:00.002-07:002019-06-19T20:59:46.695-07:00To cover<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(243, 131, 55); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #f38337; font-family: Arial; font-size: 21.7px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>To cover</b></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">It makes sense that an ancient word meaning <i>to cover</i> would give us words like <b><i>kerchief, garment, & garnish, </i></b>but it takes a bit of imagination to connect an ancient verb meaning <i>to cover </i>to some of its other progeny.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><i></i></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">These days, the word<i> </i><b><i>garret</i></b><i> </i>conjures images of Paris, painters, & poets, but <b><i>garret </i></b>originally meant<i> a turret or small watchtower</i> — a place that might offer a spying soldier some <i>cover</i>. We also see this military sense of <i>cover</i> in the word <b><i>garrison.</i></b></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">And because we can’t have <i>cover </i>without having <i>uncover</i>, we have the word <b><i>apperture</i></b>, meaning <i>an uncovering or opening. </i>And<b><i> apperture</i></b> gave birth to something that might <i>uncover </i>one’s appetite, the<i> </i><b><i>aperitif</i></b>, & to the <i>opening </i>to a musical event,<b><i> the overture.</i></b></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">And because we used to turn off the gas lights to signal the end of the night’s revelries, & doing so involved <i>covering</i> those flames, the word <b><i>curfew</i></b><i> </i>was born of this same root meaning <i>to cover</i>.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Want to be sure you’re <i>covered</i> when buying something? You can rely on your <b><i>warranty, </i></b>(also <b><i>warrantee</i></b>), or <b><i>guarantee</i></b> (also<b><i> guaranty</i></b>).<b><i> </i></b></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i></i></b></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Need a<b><i> </i></b><i>cover</i> under which you might park your car? Try a <b><i>garage.</i></b></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i></i></b></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">And they all come from one little Proto-Indo-European root. Linguists write it today as *wer-.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">This little root also managed to populate languages other than English with words. Sanskrit, Latin, German, Old Irish, Gothic, Old Persian, Old Church Slavonic, & Lithuanian all have words having to do with <i>covering</i>, all from this one little root, *wer-.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b></b></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">I apologize — once more — for not being able to reply to comments on my own blog. Makes no sense to me, but life is funny.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<br />
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); color: #141414;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Big thanks to this week’s sources: <a href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/garage"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Merriam Webster</span></a>, <a href="https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/garrison"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue;">Lexico</span></a>, <a href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/curfew"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue;">Collins Dictionary</span></a></span></span><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black;">, <a href="https://www.wordnik.com/words/guarantee"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue;">Wordnik</span></a>,</span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); color: #141414;"> </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black;">& <a href="https://www.etymonline.com/word/garrison?ref=etymonline_crossreference"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue;">Etymonline</span></a>.</span></span></div>
CS Perryesshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01011651595792156574noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5378530220174928746.post-23638091945353911202019-06-13T08:21:00.000-07:002019-06-13T08:21:08.238-07:00Wise women on loss<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(243, 131, 55); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #f38337; font-family: Arial; font-size: 21.7px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>Wise women on loss</b></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Many people don’t notice that quotation books & quote sites on the web are almost entirely dominated by quotes of men. This is a <b><i>loss</i></b>. In my continuing efforts toward inclusivity, here’s a collection of wise women’s words on <b><i>loss.</i></b></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(184, 100, 43); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #b8642b; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Absence becomes the greatest Presence.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(184, 100, 43); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #b8642b; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">-May Sarton </span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(49, 83, 133); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #315385; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">I still miss those I loved who are no longer with me but I find I am grateful for having loved them. The gratitude has finally conquered the loss.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(49, 83, 133); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #315385; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">-Rita Mae Brown</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(106, 134, 55); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #6a8637; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(106, 134, 55); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #6a8637; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">No emotion is the final one.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(106, 134, 55); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #6a8637; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">-Jeanette Winterson</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(184, 100, 43); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #b8642b; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(184, 100, 43); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #b8642b; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Those who don’t know how to weep with their whole heart don’t know how to laugh either.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(184, 100, 43); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #b8642b; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">-Golda Meir</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(49, 83, 133); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #315385; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">There are some griefs so loud</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(49, 83, 133); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #315385; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">They could bring down the sky,</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(49, 83, 133); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #315385; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">And there are griefs so still</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(49, 83, 133); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #315385; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">None knows how deep they lie.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(49, 83, 133); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #315385; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">-May Sarton</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(49, 83, 133); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #315385; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(106, 134, 55); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #6a8637; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Where you used to be, there is a hole in the world, which I find myself constantly walking around in the day-time, and falling into at night. I miss you like hell.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(106, 134, 55); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #6a8637; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">-Edna St. Vincent Millay</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(184, 100, 43); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #b8642b; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(184, 100, 43); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #b8642b; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Grass grows at last above all graves.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(184, 100, 43); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #b8642b; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">-Julia C.R. Dorr</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(49, 83, 133); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #315385; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">When you’re away i feel like</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(49, 83, 133); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #315385; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">i’m only wearing one shoe.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(49, 83, 133); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #315385; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Alta</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">I hope you’ve found a quote you hadn’t previously appreciated. If so, please spread it around.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b></b></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<br />
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); color: #141414;">Big thanks to this week’s sources: <a href="https://www.amazon.com/New-Beacon-Book-Quotations-Women/dp/0807067830/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&qid=1478056074&sr=8-2&keywords=beacon+book+of+quotations+by+women"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue;"><i>The New Beacon Book of Quotations by Women.</i></span></a> <a href="https://www.bartleby.com/348/authors/166.html"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue;">Bartleby</span></a>, <a href="http://www.knowyourquotes.com/Those-Who-Don39t-Know-How-To-Weep-With-Their-Whole-Heart-Don39t-Know-How-To-Laugh-Either-Golda-Meir.html"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue;">KnowYourQuote</span></a>s</span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black;">, <a href="https://www.quotemaster.org/presence+and+absence"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue;">Quotemaster</span></a>,</span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); color: #141414;"> </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black;">& <a href="https://thoughtcatalog.com/johanna-mort/2015/05/21-absolutely-heartwrenching-quotes-on-loss-and-grief/"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue;">ThoughtCatalogue</span></a>.</span></div>
CS Perryesshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01011651595792156574noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5378530220174928746.post-50356172300041460262019-06-06T09:04:00.000-07:002019-06-06T09:05:29.814-07:0011 gl... words you may not know<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(243, 131, 55); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #f38337; font-family: Arial; font-size: 21.7px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>11 gl... words you may not know</b></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Take a look over these words all starting with<b><i> gl…</i></b></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>g<i>leed</i> </b>— a glowing coal — from Proto-Indo-European</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i>gleet</i></b> — <i>slimy or filthy</i> — from Latin through Old French</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i>gleg</i></b> — <i>quick in perception or action —</i> from Old Norse through Middle English</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i>glenoid</i></b> — <i>the socket of a joint or a hollow cavity</i> — from Greek</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i>glede </i></b>— <i>the common red kite of Europe </i>— from Middle Low German</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i>glebe</i></b> —<i> land belonging to a church</i> — probably from Proto-Indo-European through Latin & French</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i>glaucous</i></b> — <i>green with a grayish-blue cas</i>t — from Greek through Latin</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i>glim</i></b> —<i> a light, lamp or candle</i> — taken from the word glimmer, which came from German through Middle Dutch</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i>glister</i></b> —<i> to sparkle or gleam</i> — from German through Middle Dutch</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i>glomerate</i></b> — <i>to wind or make into a ball</i> — from Latin</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i>gloriole</i></b> — <i>a halo</i>— from Latin, literally, <i>a small glory</i></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><i></i></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">An odd post, I know. It was inspired by a search through the dictionary for the etymology of the word <b><i>glean</i></b><i>. </i>Though the etymology was intriguing, I was more fascinated by discovering so many nearby words that were new to me. I’d love to hear how many of these you already knew. I apologize in advance for not being able to reply to your comments due to an unexplainable technical glitch.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b></b></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<br />
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); color: #141414;">Big thanks to this week’s sources: <a href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/glebe"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue;">Merriam Webster</span></a>, <a href="https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=glister"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue;"> Etymonline</span></a></span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black;">, <a href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/gloriole"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue;">Collins Dictionary,</span></a></span><span style="color: #141414; font-size: 9px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black;">& <a href="https://www.wordnik.com/words/glaucous"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue;">Wordnik</span></a>.</span></div>
CS Perryesshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01011651595792156574noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5378530220174928746.post-45907126848964263252019-05-30T09:04:00.000-07:002019-05-30T09:19:42.633-07:00The democracy of reading <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(243, 131, 55); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #f38337; font-family: Arial; font-size: 21.7px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>The democracy of reading</b></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">We book-centric people tend to put a lot of our focus on authors. They’re the ones who bring us the stories & information we love, right? We often forget that we readers brings a unique perspective to each thing we read, making the act of reading a more complex alchemy than one might think.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">One of my literary heroes is Philip Pullman, author of <i>His Dark Materials</i>, & heaps of other tasty stories. He has some significant things to say about the role of a reader.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b></b></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhexShL0Vo-nhq-KC-eGzkIU-55Tkm0hECtsGnx40a1x76LOTZCMSylLdJ9LuqQelbKVOetC0pWZOh9p2F6_yGkPLoTYlQZejJ8o9Gp_SifYdzpibjGFXQT7-mvy2oqfjPTp-bmB4th7G8/s1600/DaemonVoices.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="450" data-original-width="312" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhexShL0Vo-nhq-KC-eGzkIU-55Tkm0hECtsGnx40a1x76LOTZCMSylLdJ9LuqQelbKVOetC0pWZOh9p2F6_yGkPLoTYlQZejJ8o9Gp_SifYdzpibjGFXQT7-mvy2oqfjPTp-bmB4th7G8/s200/DaemonVoices.png" width="138" /></a><span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>“…there are different things we as readers <i>bring </i>to a text—our different expectations, our varying intellectual limitations or gifts, our experiences of previous texts, our predictions about this one. These are necessary things; without them we wouldn’t begin to make sense of any text at all; and they’re also inevitable; we can’t look at any text in a state of nature, as it were, and pretend we know nothing, and come to it as complete virgins. We have to bring something to the text, and put something into it, in order to get anything out. This is the great democracy of reading and writing—it makes the reader a true partner in the making of meaning.”</b></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><i></i></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">His term “democracy of reading and writing” manages to celebrate our differences at the same time it celebrates the connective tissue of our humanity.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">I say bravo to the democracy of reading.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 11px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<br />
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">The quote above comes from a 2017 collection of Pullman’s essays and lectures, <a href="https://www.indiebound.org/book/9780525521174"><span style="color: blue; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Daemon Voices: On Stories & Storytelling</span></a><i>. </i></span></div>
CS Perryesshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01011651595792156574noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5378530220174928746.post-22865626167837130342019-05-23T08:32:00.000-07:002019-05-23T08:32:21.696-07:00Where's my R?<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(243, 131, 55); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #f38337; font-family: Arial; font-size: 21.7px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>Where’s my R?</b></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">We English speakers aren’t very good at keeping track of our Rs. </span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Sometimes we lose our Rs through regional dialects. Though Bostonians are famous for dropping their Rs, R-dropping (known in linguistic circles as non-rhoticity) happens in various dialectical ways throughout Britain, the American northeast, the American South, India, Australia, & New Zealand. </span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">And - over time - we lose our Rs in standard English.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i>Curse</i></b> showed up in Old English meaning <i>to wish evil.</i> By the 1300s it picked up the meaning <i>to swear profanely or blasphemously</i>. By the 1800s, that tricky R faded away in what was considered a “vulgar” pronunciation of <b><i>curse</i></b>, & voila! The word<b><i> cuss </i></b>was born.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Also appearing in Old English was the word <b><i>burst</i></b>, <i>to shatter suddenly as a result of pressure from within. </i>Then somehow in 1806 we lost track of that R & found ourselves using the word <b><i>bust</i></b> to mean exactly what the word <b><i>burst</i></b> means.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">The Old English word meaning <i>the tail end of an animal</i>, was <b><i>arse</i></b>. In time, this word broadened to mean <i>the tail end of anything/anyone. </i>When it ran up against <b><i>ass</i></b>, the entirely unrelated word initially meaning<i> donkey</i>, a bit of a smash-up occurred, & they somehow became synonyms, giving us what appears to be one more lost R.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">The word parcel came to English in the 1400s from Latin through French, meaning <i>a small portion of something.</i> Soon, it picked up the meaning<i> a piece of real estate, </i>or<i> a lot.</i> It appears there may have been some confusion with that meaning<i> a lot, </i>as soon afterward, <b><i>parcel </i></b>began to not only mean <i>a small portion,</i> but also <i>a large number. </i>Then after a century or two<i> </i><b><i>parcel</i> </b>lost its R<b>, </b>giving us the word <b><i>passel</i></b> (<i>a bunch</i>) in 1835.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><i></i></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Thanks for coming by, & thanks to those of you who comment. I still can’t comment on my own blog, but please know I’m in the apparently long, drawn out process of addressing the issue.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><i></i></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<br />
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); color: #141414;">Big thanks to this week’s sources: <a href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/parcel"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue;">Merriam Webster</span></a>, <a href="https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=passel"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue;"> Etymonline</span></a></span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black;">, <a href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/curse"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue;">Collins Dictionary,</span></a> <a href="https://www.ling.upenn.edu/phono_atlas/Atlas_chapters/Ch07_2nd.rev.pdf"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue;">North American Dialects,,</span></a></span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); color: #141414; font-size: 9px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black;">& <a href="https://www.wordnik.com/words/cuss"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue;">Wordnik</span></a>.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black;"><br /></span></div>
CS Perryesshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01011651595792156574noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5378530220174928746.post-30266288851548525662019-05-16T09:43:00.000-07:002019-05-16T09:43:43.578-07:00Want vs. need<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(243, 131, 55); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #f38337; font-family: Arial; font-size: 21.7px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>Want vs. need</b></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">In modern America it seems awfully easy to confuse what one <b><i>wants</i></b> with what one <b><i>needs</i></b>. And so…</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">To <b><i>want </i></b>is <i>to feel need, to crave. </i><b><i>Want</i></b> came to English in 1200 as a noun, meaning <i>insufficiency, shortage, deficiency.</i></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><i></i></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Some near-synonyms include:</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">To <b><i>desire </i></b>— <i>to long for something with intensity or ardor.</i></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><i></i></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">To<i> </i><b><i>wish for</i></b><i> </i> —<i> weaker than desire, </i>sometimes referring to<i> an unrealizable longing. </i></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><i></i></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><i>To </i><b>crave</b> —<b> </b><i>the strong desire to gratify a physical appetite or urgent need.</i></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><i></i></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">To<i> </i><b><i>covet</i></b> — <i> to ardently desire.</i></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><i></i></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Though all the above words involve<i> feeling </i>a need, the need isn’t necessarily essential. I may <b><i>want, desire, wish for, crave,</i></b> or <b><i>covet</i></b> a $3000 guitar, but when it comes down to it, my $250 guitar is doing the job just fine.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">To <b><i>need</i></b> something is to experience <i>an urgent requirement of something essential. </i><b><i>Need </i></b>appeared in English about the same time as <b><i>want</i></b>. It came from early Germanic sources originally meaning <i>violence or force. </i><b><i>Need </i></b>broadened on its way from Old English to Middle English to mean<i> distress, peril, hardship, necessity.</i></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><i></i></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Some near-synonyms include: </span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">To <b><i>require</i></b> — to experience need of something that is indispensable to a particular end or goal.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">To <b><i>lack</i></b> is to experience an absence or insufficiency of something essential.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">I’m still unable to reply to comments on my own blog, so I apologize in advance for not replying to any comments. The people at Blogger/Blogspot don’t seem to perceive my problem as a <b><i>need</i></b> — just a distant & irrelevant <b><i>want</i></b>.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><i></i></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><i></i></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<br />
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Big thanks to this week’s sources: <a href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/thesaurus/need"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Merriam Webster</span></a>, <a href="https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=need"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> Etymonline</span></a></span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black;">, <a href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/apparent-lack-of"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue;">Collins Dictionary,</span></a> </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-size: 9px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><i>Webster’s 1959 New World Dictionary of the American Language</i>, </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black;">& <a href="https://www.wordnik.com/words/covet"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue;">Wordnik</span></a>.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black;"><br /></span></div>
CS Perryesshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01011651595792156574noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5378530220174928746.post-51363372707972503322019-05-09T08:41:00.002-07:002019-05-09T08:42:56.053-07:00Kiss<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(243, 131, 55); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #f38337; font-family: Arial; font-size: 21.7px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>Kiss</b></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">The word <b><i>kiss </i></b>has been with English speakers since we were speaking Old English, except back then, it was spelled <b><i>cyssan. </i></b>Even back then it meant <i>to touch with the lips.</i> Though most etymologists are guessing <b><i>kiss</i></b> is a word imitative of the sound of a <b><i>kiss</i></b>, they haven’t landed on a common root for <b><i>kiss. </i></b>Still, these forms of the word exist in these languages:</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i>kysse </i></b> — Norwegian & Danish</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i>kyssa </i></b>— Old Norse</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i>kessa</i></b> — Old Frisian</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i>kussian</i></b> — Old Saxon</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i>cussen</i></b> — Middle Dutch</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i>kyssa</i></b> — Swedish</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i>kuwash-anzi</i></b> — Hittite</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<br />
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Interestingly, English is a language that gives us the same word for both a <b><i>kiss</i></b> <i>of mild affection</i> & an<i> erotic</i> <b><i>kiss</i></b>, whereas in Latin, an <i>erotic kiss</i> was called <b><i>saviari</i></b>, while a <i>kiss of affection</i> was known as <b><i>osculum </i></b>(which translates to <i>little mouth). </i>Might the <b><i>saviari</i></b><i> </i>variety kiss<i> </i>— by comparison — involve a larger mouth?</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">The idiom <b><i>kiss & tell </i></b>appeared in the 1690s.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i>Kiss my arse</i></b> has been around since at least 1705.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Since 1825 a <i>bit of chocolate or candy</i> has been referred to as a<b><i> kiss.</i></b></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Since 1911 the acronym <b><i>SWAK</i></b> has meant <i>sealed with a kiss</i> </span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">To <b><i>kiss something goodbye </i></b>appeared in 1935, as did <b><i>to kiss someone off.</i></b></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i></i></b></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Since 1937, we’ve had the term <b><i>kiss-proof </i></b>to refer to<b><i> </i></b><i>lipstick.</i></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i></i></b></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i>Give me some sugar</i></b> (<i>a kiss</i>) showed up in the 1940s.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><i></i></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><i>The </i><b><i>kiss of death</i></b> has been around since 1944.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">And we’ve got some kiss synonyms, with <b><i>buss</i></b> showing up in 1560, <b><i>smack</i></b> (meaning a loud kiss) appearing in the 1600s, <b><i>neck</i></b> made its way to English as a verb meaning <i>to kiss</i> in 1825, & <b><i>smooch </i></b>arrived<b><i> </i></b>in 1932.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">This week, in lieu of leaving a comment (since I still can’t comment back for unknown technological reasons), offer someone a <b><i>kiss</i></b> (your choice whether <b><i>saviari</i></b> or <b><i>osculum</i></b><i>).</i></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><i></i></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><i></i></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<br />
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); color: #141414;">Big thanks to this week’s sources: <a href="https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Gimme%20some%20sugar"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue;">Urban Dictionary</span></a>, <a href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/kiss"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue;">Merriam Webster</span></a>, <a href="https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=smooch"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue;"> Etymonline</span></a></span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black;">, <a href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/kiss"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue;">Collins Dictionary,</span></a> & <a href="https://www.wordnik.com/words/smooch"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue;">Wordnik</span></a>.</span></div>
CS Perryesshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01011651595792156574noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5378530220174928746.post-16606995247628696472019-05-02T08:22:00.000-07:002019-05-02T08:23:15.290-07:00Swell<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(243, 131, 55); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #f38337; font-family: Arial; font-size: 21.7px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>Swell</b></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Say these words aloud (really. It’ll be fun):</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i>bellows - belly - bilge - billow - bolster - bloat - bulge</i></b></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">It’s easy to imagine these words all come from an ancient root meaning <i>to swell</i>. But wait, there’s more.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Another branch of that same root gave us:</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i>ball - balloon - bole - bollocks - bull - bulk - boulder - bowl</i></b></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">And another gave us:</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i>full - fool - follicle - folly</i></b></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 11px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">At some point in history, that same root added the meaning <i>to overflow</i>, which gives you the opportunity to say another list aloud: </span><br />
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i>fluid - flux - effluent - flume - confluence - influx - fluvial - influenza - mellifluous - reflux </i></b></span><br />
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">And it takes little imagination to reconstruct why these words all came from a root meaning <i>to swell or overflow</i>. Pretty <b><i>swell,</i></b> eh?</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">If you’ve got swell comments, please leave them. I apologize before-the-fact that I won’t be able to reply to your comments, as the folks at Blogger (aka Blogspot) seem to have cut off my ability to comment on my own blog. Not too swell, I’d say.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 14px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<br />
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Big thanks to Sioux Thompson for inspiring this post & to this week’s sources, <a href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/bulge"><span style="color: blue; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Merriam Webster</span></a>, <a href="https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=fool"><span style="color: blue; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> Etymonline</span></a></span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black;">, <a href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/fluid"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue;">Collins Dictionary,</span></a> & <a href="https://www.wordnik.com/words/ball"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue;">Wordnik</span></a>.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black;"><br /></span></div>
CS Perryesshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01011651595792156574noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5378530220174928746.post-86243097508345390622019-04-25T08:04:00.000-07:002019-04-26T18:29:48.883-07:00Shorten it!<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(243, 131, 55); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #f38337; font-family: Arial; font-size: 21.7px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>Shorten it!</b></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Though we English speakers started dabbling in <b><i>abbreviating</i></b> in the1500s, we were mostly happy with full-length words until the 1900s. Since then, we’ve gone wild — way beyond our first dabblings. Now, we <b><i>abbreviate</i></b> in myriad ways. We <b><i>initialize</i></b>. We employ <b><i>acronyms</i></b> & <b><i>backronyms</i></b> — even<b><i> syllable acronyms</i></b>. And of course, we continue to <b><i>abbreviate</i></b> things in the manner started back in the 1500s, <b><i>truncating</i></b>.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i>Abbreviate</i></b> means <i>to shorten, </i>so all the examples in the post are <b><i>abbreviations</i></b>.<i> </i>The<i> </i><b>abbreviating</b><i> </i>we typically think of is actually called <b><i>truncating</i>. </b>Examples include <b><i>admin. </i></b>(<i>administration</i>), <b><i>illustr. </i></b>(<i>illustrated</i>), <b><i>N.Z. </i></b>(<i>New Zealand</i>), <b><i>wks. </i></b>(<i>works</i>), & <b><i>Hab.</i></b> (<i>the book of Habbakuk</i>). Traditionally, an <b><i>abbreviation</i></b> ends in a period. In the last decade or so, that terminal period has been evaporating. </span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Many of us use the word <b><i>acronym</i></b> to refer to a practice officially known as <b><i>initializing</i></b>. <b><i>FBI, CIA, UK, & POW</i></b> fit in this category. Since 1957, an <b><i>initialization</i></b> is defined as<i> a word formed from the first letters of other words, </i></span><span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;"><i>pronounced as those letters</i></span><span style="font-kerning: none;">. From 1907 to 1957, words formed in this manner were called <b><i>alphabetic abbreviations</i></b>.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">An <b><i>acronym</i></b>, on the other hand, is <i>a word formed from the first letters of other words, </i></span><span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;"><i>pronounced as though it is a word</i></span><span style="font-kerning: none;"><i>. </i>Examples include <b><i>GIF </i></b>(<i>graphics interchange format</i>)<b><i>, scuba</i></b> (<i>self contained underwater breathing apparatus</i>), The <b><i>zip</i></b> in <b><i>zip </i></b>code (<i>zone improvement plan</i>),<i> </i><b><i>kiss</i> </b>(<i>keep it simple, stupid</i>),<b> </b>& hundreds more.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Some words appear to be <b><i>acronyms</i></b>, but were strategically constructed. The coiners of these words worked backward, starting with their goal word, & finding “source” words to add up to that goal word. Words constructed in this manner are called <b><i>backronyms</i></b> (or <b><i>bacronyms</i></b>). The computer language <b><i>BASIC </i></b>was created from the words <i>Beginner’s All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code. </i><b><i>SOS</i></b> was a speedy thing to enter in Morse code during emergencies; after the fact, it came to mean <b><i>save our ship</i></b>. The term<i> </i><b><i>USA PATRIOT Act </i></b>was created by stringing together the words <i>Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism</i>. The letters forming <b><i>START</i></b> were assembled from <i>STrategic Arms Reduction Treaty</i>. <b><i>BING</i></b> was manufactured from the words <i>Because It’s Not Google.</i> </span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Then there are words we wish were <b><i>backronyms/acronyms</i></b>: some sailors have claimed <b><i>NAVY</i></b> actually stands for <i>Never Again Volunteer Yourself</i>, motorists claim <b><i>FIAT</i></b> stands for <i>Fix It Again, Tony</i>, & <b><i>FORD</i></b> stands for <i>Found On Road Dead</i>.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">We also create <b><i>syllable acronyms</i></b> (also known as <b><i>syllabic abbreviations</i></b>) with words like <b><i>FedEx</i></b> (<i>Federal Express</i>). Some others include <b><i>INTERPOL</i></b> (<i>International Police</i>), <b><i>COINTELPRO</i></b> (<i>Counter Intelligence Program</i>), <b><i>HOCO (homecoming), NABISCO (National Biscuit Company), NaNoWriMo (National Novel Writing Month), SoHo (New York Neighborhood South of Houston), & WeHo (West Hollywood).</i></b></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Life seems to speed up every day, & language seems to reflect that. Compelled to comment? Please do (I apologize in advance that I won't be able to reply, as some technical glitch is blocking me from commenting on my own blog -- life's funny).</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 11px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 11px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 11px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<br />
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Big thanks to Sioux Thompson for inspiring this post & to this week’s sources, <a href="https://www.allacronyms.com/aa-types-of-acronyms"><span style="color: blue; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">All Acronyms,</span></a> <a href="https://abbreviations.yourdictionary.com/articles/common-accronyms.html"><span style="color: blue; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Your Dictionary,</span></a> <a href="https://www.etymonline.com/word/initialism"><span style="color: blue; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> Etymonline</span></a></span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black;">, <a href="https://public.oed.com/how-to-use-the-oed/abbreviations/#h"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue;">Oxford Dictionaries</span></a>, & <a href="https://www.wordnik.com/words/acronym"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue;">Wordnik</span></a>.</span></div>
CS Perryesshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01011651595792156574noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5378530220174928746.post-7836748211662923502019-04-18T08:06:00.000-07:002019-04-18T08:06:29.439-07:00To be quiet<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(243, 131, 55); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #f38337; font-family: Arial; font-size: 21.7px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>To be quiet</b></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">An ancient word for <b><i>quiet</i></b> led to a steaming heap of words — not all of them sounding all that…<b><i>quiet</i></b>.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Words in Old Persian,Old Church Slavonic, Avestan, & Old Norse led etymologists to construct the Proto-Indo-European word <b><i>*kwyeə-</i></b>, meaning<b><i> </i></b><i>to rest or be quiet. </i>The big idea is that there must have been some unwritten mother-tongue that led these disparate groups to use similar-sounding words that all meant about the same thing.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i>*Kwyeə-</i></b> gave us the English word <b><i>quiet</i></b> in about 1300. A couple centuries later it also gave us <b><i>acquiesce,</i></b> <b><i>quiescent </i></b>&<b><i> quietude. </i></b>It also gave us a word roughly meaning <i>super-quiet — </i> the word <b><i>requiem</i></b>.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Apparently being <i>free & clear</i> gives one a sense of <b><i>quiet</i></b><i>, </i>so those who were <i>free & clear of debt, discharged, at liberty, or unmarried</i>, were said in the 1200s to be <b><i>quit</i></b>. Hmmm. A legal form of being <i>free & clear</i> is to be <b><i>acquitted</i></b>. In time, the <i>freeing</i> sense of <b><i>quit</i></b> took over in popular usage: to release<i>, let go or abandon. </i>This<i> free & clear </i>meaning also gave birth to the word <b><i>quite</i></b>, (someone who is <b><i>quite</i></b> intelligent could also be labelled <i>clearly </i>intelligent).</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">And because truly getting some <i>rest & quiet</i> takes a little time, <b><i>*kwyeə-</i></b> also gave us the words <b><i>while </i></b>& <b><i>awhile</i></b>. </span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Last but not least, <b><i>*kwyeə-</i></b> gave us the word <b><i>coy</i></b>. <b><i>Coy</i></b>’s original meaning (in the 1300s), was <i>quiet</i>. It only took a hundred years for its meaning to ooze from <i>quiet</i> through <i>placid & gentle</i> to <i>shy & bashful</i>.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">All that from <b><i>quiet</i></b>. Any thoughts? Please let me know in the comments section.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 11px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 11px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 11px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<br />
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Big thanks to Sioux Thompson for inspiring this post & to this week’s sources, <a href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/quit"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Merriam Webster</span></a>, <a href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/quiet"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Collins Dictionary</span></a>, <a href="https://www.etymonline.com/word/coy?ref=etymonline_crossreference"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> Etymonline</span></a></span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black;">, <a href="https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/while"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue;">Oxford Dictionaries</span></a>, & <a href="https://www.wordnik.com/words/requiem"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue;">Wordnik</span></a>.</span></div>
CS Perryesshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01011651595792156574noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5378530220174928746.post-25207457460344212822019-04-11T08:21:00.000-07:002019-04-11T08:20:59.997-07:0012 ways to say stream<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(243, 131, 55); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #f38337; font-family: Arial; font-size: 21.7px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>12 ways to say stream</b></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">The word <b><i>stream, </i></b><i>a course of water,</i> came to Old English from Germanic languages. Its Proto-Indo-European root meant <i>to flow</i>. Another Proto-Indo-European root meaning <i>to flow</i> gave us the word <b><i>runnel</i></b><i>, a small stream. </i></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><i></i></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">But wait…there are more!</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">The word <b><i>creek</i></b> most likely came from an Old Norse word meaning <i>corner or nook</i>. Etymologists believe the word is related to the word <b><i>crook</i></b>, originally meaning <i>full of bends & turns</i>. By the 1500s, <b><i>creek</i></b> (also pronounced <b><i>crick</i></b>) came to mean <i>a small stream or brook</i>.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">An Old Norse word meaning <i>stream</i><b><i> </i></b>gave Middle English speakers the word <b><i>beck</i></b>. Interestingly, these days we use <b><i>beck</i></b> to refer to streams that flow ruggedly over gravel and stones — as many northern European streams do. </span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Most modern English speakers would label a <i>contest of speed </i>with the word <b><i>race</i></b>. This meaning kicked in about 1510. Previous to that, <b><i>race </i></b> meant <i>the act of running. </i><b><i>Race</i></b> came from an Old Norse word meaning <i>a rush of water</i>, & that meaning has hung around all these years, which is why in some regions, a stream or creek is referred to as a <b><i>race.</i></b></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">The word <b><i>brook</i></b>,<b><i> </i></b><i>a stream or creek, </i>came to Middle English from an Old English word meaning <i>to use or enjoy. </i></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">A stream can also be called a <b><i>rindle</i></b>, which came into Old English from Germanic sources used to refer to <i>a brook, stream, runner, or messenger</i>. </span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">About 1300 the word <b><i>branch </i></b> appeared in English, meaning <i>division of a stem of a tree or bush</i>. <b><i>Branch</i></b>’s meaning<b><i> </i></b>almost immediately broadened to mean <i>division or contributing member of anything</i>, including a river or stream. So as long as it merges downstream with another creek or river we can call a creek a <b><i>branch</i></b>. </span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Some English speakers refer to a stream as a <b><i>burn</i></b>. This words comes from an Anglo-Saxon word that meant <b><i>brook or stream</i></b>, & is the reason many towns or cities near streams end in something like <b><i>burn</i></b>, for instance<b><i> </i></b>Melbourne, Gisborne, & Blackburn.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">A <b><i>rill</i></b> is a <i>small brook or stream. </i>This word came to English in the 1530s from one of the Germanic languages, likely coming from a Proto-Indo European word meaning <i>to run or flow</i>.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">And last but not least, Northeastern Americans got the word <b><i>kill</i></b> (meaning <i>stream</i>), from a Dutch word meaning <i>riverbed or channel,</i> which is why so many streams and creeks in Pennsylvania, New York, & New Jersey are referred to as<i> </i><b><i>kills</i></b><i>.</i></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 11px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">I’d love to know which of these surprised you. Comment away.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 11px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 11px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 11px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<br />
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Big thanks to Sioux Thompson for inspiring this post & to this week’s sources, <a href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/stream"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Merriam Webster</span></a>, <a href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/creek"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Collins Dictionary</span></a>, <a href="https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=rill"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> Etymonline</span></a>, </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black;"> <a href="http://www.saywhydoi.com/meaning-of-place-names-why-do-we-call-places-by-certain-names/"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue;">Say Why Do I?</span></a>, <a href="https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/race"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue;">Oxford Dictionaries</span></a>, & <a href="https://www.wordnik.com/words/brook"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue;">Wordnik</span></a>.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black;"><br /></span></div>
CS Perryesshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01011651595792156574noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5378530220174928746.post-10573760858027878592019-04-04T03:44:00.000-07:002019-04-04T03:46:02.490-07:00More from Algonquian<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(243, 131, 55); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #f38337; font-family: Arial; font-size: 21.7px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>More from Algonquian</b></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><a href="https://csperryess.blogspot.com/2019/03/from-algonquian.html" target="_blank">Last week’s post</a> looks into some Algonquian words that made their way into English. Here are a few more.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">An Algonquian word meaning <i>powder, dust, or ashes</i> came to English in 1896 meaning <i>worthless</i>. That word is <b><i>punk</i></b>.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Though the West Indian island <b><i>Jamaica</i></b><i> </i>got its name from the Taino-speaking folks who lived there, the <b><i>Jamaica </i></b>of <b><i>Jamaica</i></b> Plains in New York is Algonquian. It comes from the Delaware branch of Algonquian & meant <i>beaver pond.</i></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><i></i></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">In 1937, United States Rubber Products Inc. trademarked the name <b><i>Naugahyde</i></b>, a word that patched together the Old English word <b>hide </b>with <b><i>Naugatuk</i></b>, the name of the Connecticut town in which the product was made. <b><i>Naugatuk</i></b> is an Algonquian word which meant <i>one tree.</i></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">An Algonquian village near a Connecticut river was situated in <i>a boggy place, </i>so the natives called it <b><i>Potunck </i></b>(which meant something like<i> to sink in</i>)<i>. </i>In 1846, the word <b><i>Podunk</i></b> was born — the name of a mythical & “typical” town featured in a recurring column in the <i>Buffalo Daily National Pilot</i> newspaper. Years later, the meaning oozed toward meaning <i>an insignificant, isolated place</i>.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Since 1763, English speakers have used the word <b><i>caucus </i></b><i>— a private meeting of leaders or voters</i>. Though the research isn’t definitive, <b><i>caucus</i></b>’s source is most likely an Algonquian word meaning <i>counselor, elder, or advisor.</i></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><i></i></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Some Algonquian speakers were impressed by the size of the canoes of another native group (the Chiwere), & called them <i>people of the big canoes.</i> Their name for this group turned into the word <b><i>Missouri</i></b>.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Though etymologists are still arguing about the origin of the word <b><i>tuxedo</i></b><i>, </i>one of the likely sources is Algonquian. They called a Delaware town <b><i>P’tuck-sepo</i></b>, after its <i>crooked river</i>. That town name got applied to <b><i>Tuxedo </i></b>Park, New York, which became a “rural resort for wealthy New Yorkers,” & the attire worn by the visiting gentlemen likely picked up the name, <b><i>tuxedo</i></b>.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Modern English speakers have a richer language thanks to hundreds of contributing languages, including all the various branches of Algonquian. Though English has benefitted from them, not all those languages have survived. It seems to me we should be appreciating them all the more.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 11px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 11px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 11px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 11px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<br />
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); color: #141414;">My thanks go out to this week’s sources, <a href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/punk"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue;">Merriam Webster</span></a>, <a href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/naugahyde"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue;">Collins Dictionary</span></a>, <a href="https://www.etymonline.com/word/tuxedo#etymonline_v_18854"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue;"> Etymonline</span></a>, </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black;"> & <a href="https://www.wordnik.com/words/tuxedo"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue;">Wordnik</span></a>.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black;"><br /></span></div>
CS Perryesshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01011651595792156574noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5378530220174928746.post-52981601307255687852019-03-28T05:57:00.000-07:002019-03-28T05:57:14.442-07:00From Algonquian<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(243, 131, 55); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #f38337; font-family: Arial; font-size: 21.7px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>From Algonquian</b></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">English-speaking settlers on the continent learned a bunch from the Algonquian-speaking inhabitants, & this learning didn’t stop centuries ago. Here are a few of the Algonquian words that have become part of English.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">In 1610, the word <b><i>opossum</i></b> (or simply <b><i>possum</i></b>) came to English from the Powhatan branch of Algonquian. The original word translates to <i>white dog.</i></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><i></i></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">The Mikmak branch of Algonqiuan gave us the word <b><i>caribou </i></b>in the 1660s<i>. </i>The original word translates to <i>pawer or scratcher,</i> due to the <b><i>caribou</i></b>’s habit of pawing through the snow to find edible moss and grass.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Just south of Boston is the Great Blue Hill. Before Europeans muscled into the area, an Algonquian-speaking group of people lived there. Their native neighbors referred to them as the people <i>at the large hill</i>, or <b><i>Massachusetts. </i></b>Though the people<i> at the large hill </i>sadly no longer exist, the name remains.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">In the 1670s, English speakers started using the word <b><i>woodchuck, </i></b>which comes from the Cree branch of Algonquian & originally referred to the <i>marten</i>, a rodent inclined to live in forests. The Cree word was <b><i>otchek</i></b>, but because martens lived in trees, European settlers heard something closer to <b><i>woodcheck</i></b>, thus ending up with <b><i>woodchuck.</i></b></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b></b></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Most branches of Algonquian had a word meaning<i> shoe</i>, which sounded something like<i> </i><b><i>mocassin. </i></b>In 1610, English speakers started using the word to refer to <i>a soft leather shoe lacking a stiff sole</i>.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">An inland group of Algonquian speakers labeled a particular hunk of land <i>the place of the wild onion — </i>which sounded something like<i> </i><b><i>shekakoheki. </i></b>In 1833, English speakers learned this word from the French trappers in the area, & made use of it to name that area <b><i>Chicago.</i></b></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i></i></b></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">In 1629, an Algonquian word meaning<i> that which is ground or beaten</i><b><i> </i></b>made its way into English to refer to <i>parched corn </i>— so we have the word<i> </i><b><i>hominy</i></b>.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">We all know the famed location of Orville & Wilbur Wright’s first flight is <b><i>Kitty Hawk</i></b>, but the place name had nothing to do with cats or kitties — it’s a brutally Anglicized version of the Algonquian place name, which first occurred on English maps as <b><i>Chickehawk</i></b>. Nobody’s certain what the original Algonquian name was, or what it meant.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Historically, English speakers showed little respect to the many speakers of the various branches of Algonquian. Perhaps we can show a bit of respect now by (at the very least) recognizing the source of some of our English words.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 11px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 11px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 11px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 11px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<br />
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); color: #141414;">My thanks go out to this week’s sources, <a href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hominy"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue;">Merriam Webster</span></a>, <a href="https://blog.carolinadesigns.com/2016/02/05/history-of-outer-banks-town-names/"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue;">Carolina Designs</span></a>, <a href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/woodchuck"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue;">Collins Dictionary</span></a>, <a href="https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=caribou"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue;"> Etymonline</span></a>, </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black;"> & <a href="https://www.wordnik.com/words/moccasin"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue;">Wordnik</span></a>.</span></div>
CS Perryesshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01011651595792156574noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5378530220174928746.post-17952310234412779702019-03-21T09:05:00.000-07:002019-03-21T09:05:25.932-07:00Made in Arabic-speaking lands<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(243, 131, 55); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #f38337; font-family: Arial; font-size: 21.7px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>Made in Arabic-speaking lands</b></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">An astounding number of English words come either from or through Arabic. Here’s a tiny sampling.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">In the 1670s <b><i>alcove</i></b> (<i>a vaulted recess</i>) made its way to English from Arabic through Spanish & French. </span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i>Demi-tasse</i></b> (<i>a small cup of black coffee or the cup in which it is served) </i>came to English from Arabic through French in 1842.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Our English word <b><i>ghoul</i></b> comes from an Arabic word meaning <i>evil spirit that robs graves & feeds on corpses. </i><b><i>Ghoul</i></b> showed up in English in 1786. </span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">In the 1660s, English speakers started using the word <b><i>yarbuah, </i></b>which referred to <i>a mouselike rodent of Africa & Asia Minor</i>, called exactly that in Arabic. But in 1849, <b><i>yarbuah</i></b> was eclipsed by a version of <b><i>yarbuah</i></b> that travelled through Latin & French on its way to English, but still came from the original Arabic word. Thus, we have <b><i>gerbil</i></b>.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">The first two syllables of <b><i>Guadalcanal</i></b> come from an Arabic word meaning <i>river. </i><b><i>Guadalcanal</i></b><i> </i>first appeared in English in 1568. The first two syllables of <b><i>Guadalupe</i></b> came from the same Arabic source in the same year.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">In about 1600, English speakers began using the word <b><i>henna,</i></b> which came from the Arabic word <b><i>hinna</i></b>, the name of <i>the small thorny tree from which </i><b><i>henna </i></b><i>dye is extracted.</i></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><i></i></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">In 1600 the originally Arabic word<i> </i><b><i>gazelle</i></b><i> </i>arrived in English after a linguistic tour through North Africa, Spain, and France.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i>Tarragon</i></b> arrived in English in the 1600s. Though it started out as a Greek word, it came to English through Arabic.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">The originally Latin word <b><i>tuna</i></b> spent a bunch of time in Arabic & Spanish before making its way into English in 1881. And in other <b><i>tuna</i></b> news, the word <b><i>albacore</i></b> came through Portuguese from an Arabic word that translates literally to <i>milk-cow </i>(due to the<b> <i>albacore</i></b>’s substantive size).</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i></i></b></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">The word <b><i>sofa</i></b> showed up in English in the 1620s from Arabic through Turkish.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Was any of these words a surprise? I’d love to hear from you.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 11px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 11px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 11px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<br />
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); color: #141414;">My thanks go out to this week’s sources, <a href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/demitasse"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue;">Merriam Webster</span></a>, <a href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/ghoul"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue;">Collins Dictionary</span></a>, <a href="https://www.etymonline.com/word/sofa#etymonline_v_23830"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue;"> Etymonline</span></a>, </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black;"> & <a href="https://www.wordnik.com/words/gerbil"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue;">Wordnik</span></a>.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black;"><br /></span></div>
CS Perryesshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01011651595792156574noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5378530220174928746.post-58718813373570432822019-03-14T08:57:00.000-07:002019-03-14T08:57:35.960-07:00Made in India<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(243, 131, 55); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #f38337; font-family: Arial; font-size: 21.7px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>Made in India, mostly</b></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(243, 131, 55); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #f38337; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.7px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b> (though Hindi is spoken in many places)</b></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(243, 131, 55); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #f38337; font-family: Arial; font-size: 21.7px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 26px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Hindi has given English speakers some great words.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">The word <b><i>loot</i></b> arrived in English in 1849 from a Hindi word meaning <i>booty or stolen property</i>. Hindi speakers got this word from Sanskrit.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<br /><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">In HIndi, a <b><i>payndit</i></b> is a <i>learned master or teacher</i>. By the 1670s, this word oozed into English as <b><i>pundit</i></b>, <i>a person who offers opinions in an authoritative manner.</i></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i>Pajamas</i></b> (& <b><i>pyjamas</i></b>) came to English in 1800 from a Hindi word meaning <i>loose trousers tied at the waist</i>. <b><i>Pajamas</i></b><i> </i>came to Hindi from a Persian word meaning <i>leg clothing.</i> </span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">In 1851 <b><i>bloke </i></b>arrived in English. Etymologists haven’t nailed down its source, but the two frontrunners are a Celtic word meaning <i>a large, stubborn person,</i> & a Hindi word meaning <i>a man.</i></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><i></i></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Hindi speakers got the word<i> </i><b><i>kamarband </i></b>from Persian, which by 1610 made its way to English as<i> </i><b><i>cummerbund,</i></b><i> a loose sash worn as a belt.</i></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><i></i></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i>Bandana </i></b>made its way to English in 1752 from a Hindi word referring to <i>a method of dying</i>. This word came from a Sanskrit word meaning <i>bind</i> — apparently the <i>method of dying</i> in question was something like our modern tie-dye.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><i></i></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">In 1859 the word<b> <i>nark</i></b><i> </i>or<i> </i><b><i>narc</i></b><i> </i>came to English <i>— an informer. </i>Its most likely source is a Romany word which came from a Hindi word meaning <i>nose.</i></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><i></i></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">The<i> </i><b>punch</b><i> </i>that refers to<i> a type of mixed drink </i>appears to have come from the Hindi word for<i> the number five — </i>reportedly the number of ingredients in the first <b><i>punch</i></b>. This particular meaning of<i> </i><b><i>punch</i></b> came to English in the 1630s.<br />
</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">The word <b><i>cot</i></b><i>, a small, light, bed, </i>first appeared in English in the 1630s from a Hindi word meaning <i>couch or hammock.</i></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><i></i></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">In 1915, the Hindi word meaning <i>pleasant, happy, & healthy</i>, gave us the word <b><i>cushy</i></b>. Interestingly, it has no relationship to the word<b> <i>cushion</i>.</b></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b></b></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">We English speakers probably owe a thank you note to the Hindi-speaking world. For which of these words do you feel most grateful?</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 11px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 11px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<br />
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); color: #141414;">My thanks go out to this week’s sources, <a href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pajamas"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue;">Merriam Webster</span></a>, <a href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/punch"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue;">Collins Dictionary</span></a>, <a href="https://www.etymonline.com/word/pajamas#etymonline_v_2997"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue;"> Etymonline</span></a>, </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black;"> & <a href="https://www.wordnik.com/words/cummerbund"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue;">Wordnik</span></a>.</span></div>
CS Perryesshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01011651595792156574noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5378530220174928746.post-14606910121677691762019-03-07T09:20:00.000-08:002019-03-07T09:21:28.018-08:00Made in Russia<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(243, 131, 55); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #f38337; font-family: Arial; font-size: 21.7px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>Made in Russia</b></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">There are heaps of English words that come from Russian. Most those words are no surprise at all:</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">borzoi <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span> cosmonaut <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>babushka </span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Bolshevik <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>ruble <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>balalaika </span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">tundra <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span> commisar <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>stroganoff </span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">samoyed <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>vodka <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span> tsar </span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">pogrom <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span> Kalashnikov <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span> gulag</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Then there are Russian words that made their way through Yiddish before arriving in English:</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">The Russian word <b><i>blinyets</i></b> —<b><i> </i></b>meaning<b><i> </i></b><i>little pancake —</i><b><i> </i></b>became the Yiddish word <b><i>blintze</i></b>, which in 1903 became the English word <b><i>blintz</i></b>.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">The Russian word <b><i>knysh </i></b><i>— a type of cake — became the Yiddish word </i><b><i>knish</i></b><i>, which arrived unchanged in English in 1930.</i></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">The Russian word <b><i>latka </i></b>— a patch — was figuratively used to refer to <i>a pastry. </i>This figurative meaning made its way into Yiddish, then became the English word<i> </i><b><i>latke </i></b>in 1925<i>.</i></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><i></i></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Some words made it to English from Russian in other ways:</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i>Parka</i></b> made its way to English in 1780 through Aleut from Russian.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">The Sanskrit word <b><i>sramana-s </i></b>referred to <i>a Buddhist ascetic</i>. By the 1690s it landed in English as <b><i>shaman</i></b>, but not before a wild linguistic road trip through Prakrit, Chinese, Tungus, and — of course — Russian. </span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i></i></b></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i>Yurt</i></b> — <i>a house or hut</i> — came from one of the Turkic languages, then spent centuries in Russian before getting to English in 1784.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Last but not least, etymologists are pretty sure the word<b><i> hamster</i></b> — first appearing in English in 1600, & replacing the inelegant term <b><i>German rat —</i></b> comes from a mash-up of the Russian word for the Asian rodent <i>cricetini </i>& the Lithuanian word for <i>ground squirrel.</i></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><i></i></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Which of these sounds least Russian to your ear? </span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 11px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 11px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<br />
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); color: #141414;">My thanks go out to this week’s sources, <a href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/yurt"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue;">Merriam Webster</span></a>, <a href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/shaman"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue;">Collins Dictionary</span></a>, <a href="https://www.etymonline.com/word/Molotov#etymonline_v_17416"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue;"> Etymonline</span></a>, </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black;"> & <a href="https://www.wordnik.com/words/blintz"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue;">Wordnik</span></a>.</span></div>
CS Perryesshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01011651595792156574noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5378530220174928746.post-55848183079164452662019-02-28T09:15:00.000-08:002019-02-28T09:15:32.926-08:00Made in Korea<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(243, 131, 55); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #f38337; font-family: Arial; font-size: 21.7px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>Made in Korea</b></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">It’s no surprise that English has appropriated some of its words from Korean. Other English words didn’t come from Korea at all, but managed to come through Korea. Here are a few.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i>Tae kwon do</i></b> came to English in 1967. It’s made up of three words from the Korean language: <b><i>tae </i></b>=<i>kick + </i><b>kwon </b>= <i>fist + </i><b><i>do</i></b> =<i> art, way or method.</i></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><i></i></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i>Kimchi</i></b><i>, a spicy, pickled, vegetable mixture, </i>appeared in English in 1898 from Korean.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i>Skosh</i></b> is a Japanese word meaning <i>few, little, or some.</i> American forces introduced <b><i>skosh </i></b>to English during & after serving in the Korean War. </span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">American forces during the Korean War also gave us the <i>precipitous retreat </i>meaning of the word <b><i>bug —</i></b> let’s <b><i>bug </i></b>outta here!</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Though the word <b><i>chopper</i></b> (<i>one who chops</i>) has been a part of the English language since 1550, it was members of the American military during the Korean War who began using <b><i>chopper </i></b>to refer to a <i>helicopter</i>.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">In Chinese, <b><i>xi nao</i></b> means <i>attempt to alter the thoughts of another through psychological techniques. </i>American military members during the Korean War directly translated this Chinese figure of speech to English, giving us the word <b><i>brainwash.</i></b></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i></i></b></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Though it would be reasonable to assume the Korean word <b><i>mani</i></b> (<i>a large number of people or things</i>) might be the root of the English word <b><i>many </i></b>(<i>a large number of people or things</i>), these words developed separately from one another & have no etymological relationship at all.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Funny how these things never quite get into the news feed regarding Korea, eh?</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 11px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 11px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<br />
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); color: #141414;">My thanks go out to this week’s sources, <a href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/kimchi"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue;">Merriam Webster</span></a>, <a href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/many"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue;">Collins Dictionary</span></a>, <a href="https://www.etymonline.com/word/brainwashing#etymonline_v_27378"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue;"> Etymonline</span></a>, </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black;"> & <a href="https://www.wordnik.com/words/skosh"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue;">Wordnik</span></a>.</span></div>
CS Perryesshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01011651595792156574noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5378530220174928746.post-69331152659269240722019-02-21T13:11:00.000-08:002019-02-21T13:11:10.915-08:00To lean<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(243, 131, 55); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #f38337; font-family: Arial; font-size: 21.7px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>To lean</b></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Most of us can imagine the logic that would lead an ancient verb meaning <i>to lean</i> to give birth to these words:</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i>lean</i></b></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i>ladder </i></b></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i>lid</i></b></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i>low</i></b></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i>decline</i></b></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i>incline</i></b></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i>recline</i></b></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><i>declivity</i></b></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Though it’s a bit of a logical stretch, most of us can also invent a path for this ancient word meaning <i>to lean </i>to have given us the word <b><i>climax. </i></b></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Some less likely siblings of <b><i>lean</i></b>’s<b><i> </i></b>precursor, though, need a bit of explanation.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">When the word <b><i>climate</i></b> appeared in English in the 1300s, it came from this same ancient root because <b><i>climate</i></b> referred to <i>horizontal zones on the earth’s surface</i>, measured against the <i>slope</i> (or <b><i>lean</i></b>) of the globe’s surface. Within a century, scientists began to focus more on the weather in those zones than on the land itself, & <b><i>climate</i></b> began its ooze into its modern usage.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Also in the 1300s, English borrowed a word from Anglo-French to mean <i>one who lives under the patronage of another</i> (one who <b><i>leans</i></b> on his/her patron) — <b><i>client</i></b>. This Anglo-French word also came from that ancient word meaning <i>lean</i>, & within a century assumed the meaning <i>a lawyer’s customer. </i>Two centuries later, <b><i>client</i></b>’s meaning broadened to mean<b><i> </i></b><i>any businessperson’s customer.</i></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><i></i></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Because a person tends to<b><i> lean</i></b> before completely taking to bed, in the early 1600s a related word began to mean <i>a bedridden person</i>. Soon, the word began to refer to <i>a medical facility housing bedridden people</i>, & so today we have the word <b><i>clinic</i></b>.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">For those who are wondering, the <b><i>lean</i></b> that means <i>thin, spare, with little flesh or fat</i> came from an entirely different source & has nothing to do with all this.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">I’d love to hear whether any of these <b><i>lean</i></b>ing words surprised you.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 11px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 11px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<br />
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); color: #141414;">My thanks go out to this week’s sources, <a href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/declivity"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue;">Merriam Webster</span></a>, <a href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/lid"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue;">Collins Dictionary</span></a>, <a href="https://www.etymonline.com/word/lean#etymonline_v_6623"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue;"> Etymonline</span></a>, </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black;"> & <a href="https://www.wordnik.com/words/incline"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue;">Wordnik</span></a>.</span></div>
CS Perryesshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01011651595792156574noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5378530220174928746.post-33073008895709481452019-02-14T10:10:00.003-08:002019-02-14T10:12:14.901-08:00Grammar<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(243, 131, 55); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #f38337; font-family: Arial; font-size: 21.7px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>Grammar</b></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-size: large;">I find the word <b><i>grammar</i></b> & its siblings to be somewhat beguiling.</span></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><i>Grammar</i></b> appeared in English in the late 1300s, meaning <i>the rules of Latin</i>. It came from an Old French word meaning <i>Latin learning</i>. And that Old French word came through Latin from a Greek word meaning<i> the</i> <i>art of letters & learning</i>. </span></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-size: large;">Because the <i>art of letters & learning </i>involved pulling meaning from little marks on paper, & this act was something done only by a small percentage of the population, such pursuits were sometimes seen by the masses as both more-than-human & less-than-wholesome, so the word <b><i>grammar</i></b> also meant, <i>magic, spells, & mumbo-jumbo</i>.</span></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-size: large;">By the 1500s, the <i>Latin learning </i>meaning generalized to mean <i>rules of a language to which speakers must conform.</i></span></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"><i></i></span><br /></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-size: large;">The <i>mumbo-jumbo</i> meaning made its way to become the word <b><i>gramary</i></b><i>, </i>meaning<i> magic, necromancy, or occult learning</i>. When the Scots got hold of this word, it became the word<i> </i><b><i>glamour, </i></b>initially meaning<b><i> </i></b><i>a magical spell or charm,</i><b><i> </i></b>& then morphing in time to mean <i>charming or beautiful, sometimes dependent on artifice.</i></span></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"><i></i></span><br /></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-size: large;">And in 1849 English adopted the French word<b> <i>grimoire</i></b><i> </i>(from that <i>magic, spells, & mumbo-jumbo</i> meaning). A <b><i>grimoire</i></b> is <i>a manual for invoking demons & spirits of the dead.</i></span></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-size: large;">And because all things <b>grammar</b><i> </i>have to do with writing, the suffix <b><i>-gram</i></b><i> </i>also comes from<i> </i><b><i>grammar</i></b><i>, </i>giving us <b><i>telegram, anagram, hologram, mammogram</i>,</b><i> & a host of others.</i><b> </b></span></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"><b></b></span><br /></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-size: large;">Who would’ve thought? </span></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 11px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 11px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 11px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: #141414; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 11px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<br />
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(20, 20, 20); color: #141414;">My thanks go out to this week’s sources, <a href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/grimoire"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue;">Merriam Webster</span></a>, <a href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/glamour"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue;">Collins Dictionary</span></a>, <a href="https://www.etymonline.com/word/grimoire"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue;"> Etymonline</span></a>, </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black;"> & <a href="https://www.wordnik.com/words/grammar"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue;">Wordnik</span></a>.</span></div>
CS Perryesshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01011651595792156574noreply@blogger.com4